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The History of AI

History of AI: Text

“Artificial intelligence (AI) is a young discipline of sixty years, which is a set of sciences, theories and techniques (including mathematical logic, statistics, probabilities, computational neurobiology, computer science) that aims to imitate the cognitive abilities of a human being” (“History of Artificial Intelligence”).

History of AI: Text
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History of AI: Image

  • Introducing the birth of AI during 1940 - 1960

Alan Turing invented the “Turing test” in 1943. The “Turing test” sets the bar for an intelligent machine to correspond to someone. Grey Walter first built some robots (G., “35+ AI Statistics & 88 Facts About The AI Revolution In 2020”). 

I, Robot was published in 1950. It is a collection of short stories by Isaac Asimov (G., “35+ AI Statistics & 88 Facts About The AI Revolution In 2020”). 

The term “Artificial Intelligence” was first coined by John McCarthy in 1956 (G., “35+ AI Statistics & 88 Facts About The AI Revolution In 2020”). 

The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funded AI research throughout the 1960s (Rouse, “Artificial Intelligence”).

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  • Stating the expert systems during 1960 - 1990 

In 1969, the first general-purpose mobile robot, Shakey the Robot,  was built. It was a robot that could make decisions about its own actions corresponding to its surroundings (G.). 

1974 - 1980 was the first “AI winter,” meaning getting little feedback from millions of spending. DARPA cut its funding during 1970 to 1974 (Rouse, “Artificial Intelligence”). 

In 1981, the narrow AI was built to replace a general intelligence, shifting research to “expert systems” which were more focused on narrow tasks (G.). The Expert system emerged to indicate humans’ decisions in an if-then form (Rouse, “Artificial Intelligence”). 

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  • 1994 through the present 

It is a period that is “slow but steady” stated by Rouse  in “Artificial Intelligence.”

In 1990, Rodney Brooks started to set the “bottom-up approach.” It was designed for stimulating brain cells and learning new behaviors to have neural networks (G.).  

In 1997, Deep Blue, the supercomputer, was built by IBM. 

In 2002, Roomba, an autonomous vacuum cleaner robot, was successfully created for the home (G.). 

In 2008, the Google app was launched on new phones: “It was the first step towards Apple’s Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Microsoft Cortana” (G.).   

In 2011, IBM's Watson won the games against two Jeopardy champions (“History of Artificial Intelligence”). 

In 2014, Eugene Goostman, a chatbot, passed the Turing test (G.).

History of AI: Text
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